In any real-world information processing system, noise is added to the signals. Noise is a collective noun for all undesired current and voltage fluctuations in a circuit. Hence, DC offset voltages and currents including their temperature fluctuations, as well as uncertainty of device parameters including their temperature dependency and ageing effects, can be regarded as noise. All of these effects have in common that they increase the uncertainty that the circuit’s current and voltage variations arise from information-carrying signals only. In this way, all these effects limit the amount of information that can be processed by the circuit.
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